Construção e validação de uma tecnologia educativa para pacientes onco-hematológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial

Abstract

Hematologic neoplasms refer mainly to leukemias, lymphomas and myelomas, compromising the blood, bone marrow, lymphatic system, spleen and liver. These diseases exhibit peculiarities when compared to solid tumors, particularly in regards to the urgency of initiating antineoplasic treatment. Antineoplasic chemotherapy (QT) is one of the treatments which present the best results, extending the patients’ lives. The author was sensitized to this issue as an effect of her experience as a nurse in a ambulatory chemotherapy unit in Fortaleza/CE, which cares for hematological oncological patients in chemotherapeutic treatment. In this experience, the necessity of developing an education technology to instruct patients at the beginning of ambulatorial chemotherapeutic treatment for hematological cancers became clear, so as to promote early compliance to the care management process by patients. The objective of this study is to develop and validate an educational technology (TE) as a tool for healthcare management for hematological oncological patients in ambulatorial chemotherapy care. It consists of a methodological research done through an integrative review of literature; production of an educational technology (folder); and validation by seven judges. The produced technology is composed of six pages, containing information with orientation about hematological cancer, chemotherapy and its side effects: alopecia, diarrhea, constipation, bleeding, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, mucositis, anemia, infection, anxiety and depression; general orientations and references. The folder reached an IVC of 100%, ensuring the validity of the appearance and content of the tool. The educational technology shows itself as a valid technology in its content to aid nurses in educational nursing care and will serve as a tool in health education, assistance and research oncological hematological care.