Perfil epidemiológico dos traumas maxilofaciais em pacientes atendidos num hospital de ensino na região norte do estado do ceará

Abstract

Trauma has become a global public health problem. Facial traumas showed an increasing incidence, mainly due to the increase of auto accidents and urban violence. They are very common in emergency services around the world and play a prominent role in the care of polytrauma patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma treated by the Team of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral / CE between January 2003 and December 2017. The study evaluated 1,087 medical records of patients were submitted to surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures in the hospital that is a reference in high complexity health in the northern region of the State of Ceará. From the medical charts evaluated, there was a statistically significant prevalence of male patients and the age group 20 to 39 years old (p <0.05). Motorcycle accident was the most prevalent etiological agent, being significantly associated with victims up to 39 years of age (p <0.05). The simple type fracture was predominant and the most affected bone was the mandible, followed by the zygomatic bone. Patients with multiple fractures remained longer hospitalized and had a higher frequency of nosocomial infection (p <0.05). The hospital infection rate found in this study was 4.2% and the main responsible microorganisms were Staphylococcus sp. Thus, it is concluded that young adult men were the most affected, with mandible fracture being the most prevalent and, among etiological factors, the motorcycle accident. Therefore, these data reinforce the importance of the service of Bucomaxillofacial Surgery as part of the team of emergency hospitals and can serve for public agencies to make the population aware of the casuistry, mainly through preventive campaigns