A fragmentação identitária na construção da personagem feminina em Travessuras de la Niña Mala de Mario Vargas Llosa

Abstract

The present work investigates the construction of the feminine character and their multiple identities in Travesuras de la Niña Mala (2006), by the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa, relating them to the various spaces built in the narrative, guided, to this end, in the light of the studies by Stuart Hall (1992) and Silvano Santiago (1978), as an inherent characteristic of the post modern subject, in the conception of Jean-François Lyotard (1979), and migratory – specificly to the latin-american. Hence, initially, the concept of the genre novel was analyzed as a social artistic element that allows, through fictional world, a dialog with the objective reality, in addition, provides transgressive characters that destabilize an order to built a new space where everything is possible, for that end, was necessary the theorical contributions such as György Lukács (1916), Mikhail Bakhtin (1975) and Theodor Adorno (1958). In conjunction, set the novel corpus of this work in the literary context where Vargas Llosa is place, with an emphasis in the latin American boom writers and entering in the conjuncture of the Peruvian writers from the 1960’s, based in the theorical constructions by Antonio Cornejo Polar (1977), Ángel Rama (1982), Rodriguez Monegal (1972) and Ana Pizarro (1985). In regard of the discussion of what would the latin American novel be, we resorted to writers such as Julio Cortázar (1974), Octavio Paz (1974) and Vargas Llosa himself in order to reach a better comprehension about the importance of this genre to our continent. In a second moment of this work, the structure of the character presented itself as a relevant factor in the gear of the novel, since all the influences and changes caused by the merge of different identities can only be possible through the composition of a fictitious being that lives actively all this spatial, temporal and cultural path that causes a reorientation in the way of being of the individual. To this purpose, were analyzed some of the main feminine characters by the Peruvian writer that converge with the focused character in this study in what concerns the elements of fragmentation and transgression. Such matters were guided by the studies of Antonio Candido (1968), Maria Lúcia Candeias (2012) and Beth Brait (1993). On the third and last part of this dissertation, we concluded, therefor, that the fragmentation, in the light of thinkers like Maria da Glória Bordini (2006), is a fundamental element of the novels by Llosa, since they bring to light a conception of Latin American identity through the persona of an immigrant subject. The identities incorporated by the protagonist Niña Mala elevate her fragmental condition to extreme levels, reveling the high degree of non-conformity of this feminine character in relation to her incapacity of feeling part of a locus where the game of references is continuous and always changing, consequence of the globalization dynamic.