Avaliação financeira e econômica de energia fotovoltaica e eólica na matriz energética de comunidades rurais no estado do Ceará

Abstract

This dissertation is composed of three chapters. In Chapter 1, the description about electricity in rural areas in the State of Ceará is presented, such as: profile of Brazilian rural consumers; costs of electricity, and on the wind and solar power capacity of the state of Ceará. Finally, a descriptive analysis was carried out of the researched communities with renewable energy systems. Primary data were collected through the application of questionnaires, in the rural communities of the Saco do Vento Rural Settlement in Irauçuba, in the cooperative (COOFERPAM) located in the Ladeira Grande community in the municipality of Maranguape, in the rural community of Ribeirinha and in the cooperative (COOPAFAQ) and secondary data with the Secretariat of Agrarian Development of the State of Ceará (SDA). It was identified that renewable energies have contributed to guarantee the energy supply of rural communities. In Chapter 2, the sources of renewable wind and photovoltaic energy in the rural communities of the State of Ceará are evaluated from the private point of view, which has been used the private and financial valuation method of investments. The following indicators were measured: net present value, benefit-cost ratio, internal rate of return and investment recovery time (updated payback) from the investments made for the year 2017 for a 10-year planning horizon. All systems presented financial viability for the discount rates of 6% to 12% per year. Afterwards, a sensitivity analysis was performed for all energy systems. In this respect, it was verified that for the wind energy system from the moment that the revenue decreases by 10%, the benefit-cost ratio and the net present value have passed to be unfeasible. Chapter 3 seeks to evaluate the return of these investments under their impact on society as a whole (economic evaluation). The socioeconomic indicators used and the planning horizon were the same as the private analysis. Investments in photovoltaic and wind energy systems have proven viable in all simulations from the point of view of the benefits generated by society.