Alteração da legislação do estado do Ceará relativa aos padrões de lançamento de efluentes líquidos e seu impacto no programa de automonitoramento

Abstract

The industry is an activity that shows a high potential for ambiental degradation, since there is no such thing as completely clean processes. This degrading potential changes with respect to the type of industry, raw materials used and its resulting products or substances. Among these resulting products and substances, we have the liquid effluents. These, when discarded in inappropriate places, cause soil pollution and contamination of the surface water and groundwater. Thus, CONAMA’s resolution No. 430/11 deals with the conditions, parameters, patterns and guidelines for the effluent’s disposal management in receptor water bodies at national level. Regionally speaking, Ceara currently answers to the SEMACE’s Ordinance No. 154/02, which is under update. Thereby, this work presents a comparison of the existing legislation in the State along with their reviews, considering their most relevant proposals. Together with SEMACE’s Management of Analysis and Monitoring, analysis reports of seventeen enterprises from different sectors of the industry were collected, among them textile companies, beverage companies and mining companies, in order to observe if they would follow the updates present in the recent legislation, analyzing sixteen parameters, such as BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, among others. Three of the seventeen companies are not in accordance with the Ordinance’s review. Ten of the seventeen companies have to include new monitoring parameters to its compliance. The comparison and analysis of the legislation of seven states (Ceara, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Alagoas, Sao Paulo, e Santa Catarina) were done according to eight parameters: BOD, COD, TSS, mineral, animal and vegetal oil, ammonia, sulfide, zinc and settleable materials. Furthermore, the national legislation was used as reference, verifying that, basically, those states’ legislation have their maximum values set below the ones established by the national legislation, since this last one is used as default during the elaboration of these states’ legislation, adapting them to their particularities.