Aspectos quânticos de buracos negros: radiação Hawking

Abstract

Many works have been developed in black hole theory since the publication of Schwarzschild’s solution for Einstein’s field equations. Classically, a black hole is defined as a physical object that can not eject matter or radiation, but only absorb them. However, due to quantum effects, a black hole can emit radiation with a blackbody spectrum. This effect, presented by Stephen Hawking in 1975, is called Hawking radiation. This effect points to a connection between the mechanics of black holes and thermodynamics. The most important example of this is given by the similarity between the properties of the area of a black hole and the entropy associated with it. In this work, we present the main classical results of black hole theory, the analogy between black hole mechanics and thermodynamics, and describe Hawking radiation quantically.