Categoria da totalidade em História e Consciência de Classe de György Lukács: uma aproximação às questões de método no marxismo

Abstract

The present article is a partial result of research in education and exposes an approach to the category of totality in the work History and class consciousness of the Hungarian philosopher György Lukács. Although criticized by the author himself, the work already points to a central problem of the dialectical method: the category of totality. As a partial study of a larger research, this text does not aim to exhaust the category, but to indicate some outlines for its comprehension in the trajectory of the author. Methodologically, it is a categorical bibliographic research. In addition, it addresses critical allusions based on the Marxian framework, assumed within Lukács' later works with a more tuned understanding about Marx's legacy. In the first part of the text, we locate the work History and class consciousness in the trajectory of its author, emphasizing the criticisms he made in the 1967 preface, aiming to indicate the place of this 1923 work within Lukács‟ legacy. Finally, some considerations are exposed as a result of the reading of the work in question, tracing the conception of totality presented in it, as well as the relationship established with the dialectical method in Lukács' ultimate understanding. This part constitutes an articulated whole, so its publication is justified, although it is a moment of a greater totality with which it articulates. It is important for the research that is part of systematizing studies aimed at the immanent appropriation of a category in a particular work. Thus, it was a dialectical movement as for its form, for it engendered a relation between the whole and the part of the research, as well as for the content, since it aims at interpreting the method. The social relevance of this work is anchored on the need to clarify the development of the category of totality for the Hungarian philosopher and, thus, for the effectiveness of the dialectical method, in addition to other categories that underlie Marxism.