Análise de consumo de combustível e emissão de poluentes de veículos flex fuel em diferentes tipos de via na cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará

Abstract

The growing number of vehicles, mainly of the flex fuel type, which now accounts for 35% of the national fleet, associated with inefficient urban planning, generates several negative impacts on society, especially regarding air quality due to emission of air pollutants through combustion. This emission is associated with the interaction of the vehicle dynamics with the environment and it is influenced by several other factors. This research proposes evaluating the influence of road classification on this dynamic, considering areas of different characteristics of urban density, land use patterns and, also, different times of the day. On-board collections were performed, using a PEMS and gasoline as the only fuel, obtaining real driving cycles and instantaneous results of fuel consumption and emission of CO2 and NOx. Density provided indications of road behaviour throughout the day, but not being sensitive enough to compare regions of different degrees of density. The influence of commercial or mixed (both residential and commercial) use and signalised intersections was observed in the occurrence of peaks of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. It was also observed that stop-and-go events interfere with NOx emissions, but the period of the day has a major impact on the emissions of this pollutant. In addition, the air temperature proved to be relevant in the NOx emission process. Time of the day showed little influence on arterial roads, but manifesting intensification on one of its ways. Local and collector roads showed greater variation in consumption and emission profiles throughout the day, however with different behaviours depending on the region. It is concluded that an aggregated analysis (grouping roads of the same classification or different regions) may not provide sufficient sensitivity as to the behaviour of the roads, since it disregards characteristics of the region and of the surroundings of the road that can affect fuel consumption and emission of pollutants.