Qualidade de vida e estratégia saúde da família: um retrato de pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes

Abstract

Since the 1960s, Brazil has undergone demographic, epidemiological and nutritional transitions, which has led to a rise in Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (DCNT). The World Health Organization estimates that by 2030 almost 23.6 million people will die from cardiovascular disease. Among the NCDs are Systemic Arterial Hypertension (HSH) and Diabetes Mellitus, which are important direct causes or participants of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have been developed evidencing several aspects related to these two chronic conditions and their impacts on the health of individuals. Among these studies, the evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has been gaining ground and proving to be an important indicator of people's health and wellbeing. Knowing the profile of populations with these chronic diseases, also focusing on their influence on quality of life, can broaden the professionals' understanding of the health-disease process of these diseases and their impact on the lives of the individuals affected. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the quality of life profile of people with hypertension and diabetes, and to verify the correlation between controlled and uncontrolled groups in a Family Health Center in Sobral, Ce. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study, carried out from January to May 2017, with 110 people with hypertension and / or diabetes enrolled in the Novo Recanto CSF in Sobral, Ceará. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview at the CSF and / or at home, where the Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the sociodemographic and clinical variables questionnaire were applied, as well as measurement of blood pressure, weight, height and glycated hemoglobin. For analysis, we initially worked with the descriptive statistical analysis and then performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with p <0.05. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Vale do Acaráu State University, with CAAE number 1.811.921. RESULTS: The mean scores of the HRQoL in the SF-36 dimensions were in order of classification: 74.4 for social aspects, 61.4 for limitation for emotional aspects, 61.4 for mental health, 54.6 for physical aspects, 53.7 with regard to limitation of vitality, 52.5 for functional capacity, 48.5 for dimension named pain and 44.5 for general health. It was verified difference between variable dependent altered and uncontrolled blood pressure in relation to quality of life, being those with unchanged blood pressure with better HRQoL indexes. It is understood that knowing the sociodemographic profile and the domains of the HRQoL make it possible to obtain subsidies for discussion, diagnosis of the population and construction of therapeutic plans and broader interventions, such as those for health promotion aimed at this public.