Análise da cadeia produtiva dos óleos de gordura residuais com foco nos agentes coletadores de resíduos urbanos: estudo de caso de Fortaleza

Abstract

Residual fat oils (RFO), derived from oil used in housing or industrial cookery, may be an expressive component of the inputs basket in biodiesel production sector. Those oils have negative impacts on environment mainly when they are thrown out in the soil polluting the groundwater or other water resources on surface. If they are thrown out in the sewerage system there is an increase in the waste treatment costs and obstruction to sewer flows may happen in the waste pipeline. On the other hand, viewed as an input to biodiesel production, RFO generated in urban areas may also be an excellent business opportunity and policy instrument to promote social and economic improvements to deprived segments of urban population. This work reports a study which developed a methodoly to analyze the reverse productive chain of cookery oil applying it to the case of Fortaleza city, in the northeastern Brazil. It focused on the structuring of RFO productive chain in that city using both the Stated Preference technique to elicit information to guide incentive policies to RFO appropriate destination as well as the Capacitated Warehouse Location Problem (CWLP) model to choose the location of 5 RFO primary processing mills in face of 12 available locations in the city aiming to reach minimum logistics costs in that chain. After gathering RFO volumes generated in every Fortaleza district, from both residences and industrial cookery urban segments, it was considered recycling co-operatives in a case to allocate the RFO primary processing mills to be bought with public resources. It was used the Capacitated Warehouse Location Problem (CWLP) to solve the case, resulting in defining those co-operatives chosen to process their own RFO volumes and the amounts coming from other cooperatives. Several scenarios were also built to aid decision making in structuring the RFO chain in Fortaleza, considering future availability of new public resources. The study shows the Stated Preference Technique and the CWLP model are very useful in helping to solve the case study problem.