Prevalência de alterações vestibulares em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e sua relação com risco cardiometabólico

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a prevalent disorder that increases cardiovascular risk (CVR) and increases the risk to develop DM. Metabolic disorders are also related to vestibular symptoms as dizziness and vertigo. The inner ear spends much energy for its appropriate operation. Due to the high sensibility of the vestibular system, is very frequently the relationship between vestibular symptoms and metabolic abnormalities. This study intent to verify the occurrence of abnormalities in vestibular system using the vectoelectronystamography (VENG) in patients with metabolic disorders and its relationship with CVR. After a campaign to detect metabolic syndrome in a Health Center of Fortaleza, 78 individuals were evaluated. They were not diabetics or were using any medication. The age was 38.1 ± 10.7 years old and 74.4% were female. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 38% were diagnosed with MS and 62% did not. Those groups were matched for sex and age. In the analysis of MS components, measures of BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glucose at 120 minutes were significantly higher in MS patients, whereas HDL-C was lower. Other metabolic parameters evalueted as uric acid GT, ALT, AST, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in MS group. In the comparative analysis of both groups, the presence of vestibular disorders symptoms were found in 33.3% of the group without MS and in 63.3% of the MS group. When specific symptoms were analyzed, it was observed that the MS group reported most frequently dizziness and / or vertigo compared with the group without SM (p = 0.01). The findings of VENG in the MS group showed that 66.7% had anormal findings and Just against 20.8% of the group without MS. In MS group, we found a significantly higher prevalence of irritative disease than deficiency disease (p <0.0001). We conclude that patients with MS have a higher prevalence of vestibular-cochlear abnormalities comparing to individuals without MS. It occurs even in patients recently diagnosed and without other complications. That suggests that vestibular disorders are an early manifestation of MS. Thus, patients with vestibular complaints should be routinely investigated for metabolic abnormalities.