Prevalência e sensibilidade antimicrobiana de escherichia coli e klebsiella pneumoniae isoladas de infecções nosocomiais no hospital regional norte em sobral/ce e detecção genética de blatem, blashv blactx-m e blages em espécimes produtores de betalactamase de espectro estendido (esbl)

Abstract

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram-negative bacilli account for a significant portion of infections in hospitals. Its importance has increased due to increased production of beta-lactamases of extended spectrum (ESBL). These enzymes are produced by some Gram negative bacilli and mediate resistance to beta-lactams, such as cephalosporins and aztreonam. In these pathogens, the majority of the ESBL identified are TEM, SHV and CTX-M types. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infections in North Regional Hospital in Sobral/CE, Brazil, from March 2015 to March 2016, and to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaVIM and blaGES genes of isolates which exhibited ESBL phenotype. A total of 245 isolates (132 E. coli and 113 K. pneumoniae) were analyzed. Of these, 145 (59.1%) had ESBL phenotype and 44 were characterized genetically by presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaVIM and blaGES genes. The rates of E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL producers were 49.2% and 70.8%, respectively. This research revealed that ESBL-producing E. coli strains were more sensitive to meropenem (100%), amikacin (96.9%), colistin (90.8%) and tigecycline (90.8%), and more resistant to ampicillin (100%), ceftriaxone (100%) and cefepime (96.9%). On the other hand, K. pneumoniae ESBL producers were more sensitive to colistin (100%), amikacin (96.2%) and meropenem (93.7%), and more resistant to ceftriaxone (100%), ceftazidime (100%), cefepime (98.7%) and ampicillin (98.7%). The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 14 (31.8%) isolates, blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected both in 3 specimens (6.8%), the blaGES gene was detected in only one isolate (2.2%), while blaKPC and blaVIM genes were not detected. Our findings show high levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as increasing linear trend for ESBL production by the studied species. The gene with the highest detection rates among the isolates was blaCTX-M gene, which is certainly the most important ESBL gene today. We detected one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaGES and blaCTX-M genes, being of our knowledge the first report in Brazil, which demonstrates the great potential for worldwide spread of resistance genes between Gram-negative bacillus.