Uso da Geomática como Suporte para Gestão Integrada de Recursos Naturais no Parque Nacional de Orango (PNO), Guiné-Bissau

Abstract

This paper presents a study on the use of geomatics as support for Integrated Management of Natural Resources in Orango National Park (PNO), Republic of Guinea-Bissau. The study is focused on interference in landscape conditions, and its amendment, the following factors: the degradation of vegetation; ecological and tourist value of the region and the rapid growth of population. Conventional and remote sensing data were analyzed through modeling techniques using the ArcGIS software, ER-Mapper and ENVI. Digital images were first processed by Principal Component Analysis and transformation of the maximum noise fraction, then all the bands were normalized to reduce errors caused by bands of different sizes. Then they were held in Geographic Information System the change detection analysis, and other variables of the study area. A colorful combination of multispectral bands was used to monitor changes of use / land cover and vegetation cover between the years 2003 to 2013. This task also included the analysis of various secondary data, as field data, socio-economic data, environmental data and growth prospects. The intention was to improve the understanding of natural and environmental vulnerability and their influence on the risk assessment, defining the intensity, distribution and effects on ecosystems, through the high areas of identification and low sensitivity and land losses coastal erosion in PNO to establish in order a sustainable use strategy earth. The developed model integrates some basic factors such as geology, geomorphology, soils, use / land cover, vegetation cover, slope and topography. The numerical results indicated that the natural vulnerability demonstrated a predominance of environments with low vulnerability to 80.7%, up 15.8% and very high at 3.5%. This result shows the possibility of use and occupancy of up to 80% of the territory, through planning and management of activities. The environmental vulnerability map showed a preponderance of areas with very low vulnerability (29.2%) and low (53.8%), indicating that the study area was slightly modified by man.