Avaliação da função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e qualidade de vida no pré - operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

Abstract

Introduction: C ardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil, so there was an increase in the number of heart surgeries in recent years. Physical therapy plays in the evaluation and care of patient in the pre - and postoperative periods, pr ofiling of the patient before surgery and facilitating the after team’s care. Objectives : evaluate pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and the patient’s quality life in preoperative cardiac surgery. Methodology: a transverse study was done wit h individuals undergoing myocardial revascularization or valvular cardiac surgery elective. The preoperative assessment occurred a day before the surgery through Manovacuometry, Spirometry and Survey of quality’s life (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short - form Health Survey SF - 36). Results: there was a presence of obstructive respiratory disorders (27.5), restrictive (6.8) and mixed (3.4), with reduced Fev1 values (1.86 ± 0, 61lmin), FVC (2.38 ± 0, 81lmin) and Fev1/FVC (78.86 ± 14.59%). Inspiratory muscle strength was found out normal (MIP= - 93.17 ± 37.13cmH2O), but expiratory muscle weakness (MEP= 84.79 ± 29.46cmH2O). There was no change in hemodynamic function before and after the tests’ performance (respiratory 119.3 122.0 mmHg vs SBP, p0 .389; DBP 76.6 vs. 76.6 mmHg, p1; .6 FC59 vs 59.5 bpm, p0 .918). In the evaluation of quality’s life, the most affected areas were "limitation by physical aspects" ( 12±19), “emotional aspects” (41±46) and "pain" ( 43±29 ). Conclusion: It was observed a reduction in pulmona ry function, expiratory muscle strength and the quality’s life. Preoperative pulmonary evaluation proved to be effective and safe, not to interfere with patients' hemodynamic.