Avaliação da mucosite oral em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas e sua associação com parâmetros hematológicos e microbiológicos

Abstract

HSCT is the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells with the purpose to recover or renew the production of blood cells and the immune function in patients with malignant hematological disorders. Oral mucositis is one of the most frequent side effects of anticancer therapy. This work aimed to evaluate the hematological and microbiological parameters, therapeutic regimen and incidence of oral mucositis (OM) in patients submitted to HSCT. The study is longitudinal, conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. We evaluated 15 patients with hematologic malignancies indicated for HSCT. Blood samples were collected for accomplishment of the serology for EBV, CMV and HSV patients; we also performed evaluation and odontological adequacy before the conditioning regimen. After performing the transplant, the patients were clinically evaluated for identification of alterations in the oral mucosa, such as mucositis and opportunistic infections and subjective evaluation of pain in the days D+3, D+6, D+9 and D+10. The most widely used drug in protocols of chemotherapy was melphalan, corresponding to 80% (n=12). When evaluating the incidence of oral amendments it was found that, from the total of the sample (n=15), 93.3% of the patients had at least one episode of OM, considering all evaluated days, being the grade I the most prevalent, 48.0% (n=36). The highest number associated with intensity of the pain was 7.0 (seven). Thirteen patients (86.7%) showed no reactive IgM levels of HSV, and in none of them were identified IgM for EBV and CMV. 93.3% (n=14) patients were positive for IgG for both EBV and CMV. Only three patients (20%) had candidiasis. As to the hematological profile, there was a significant increase in the number of patients exhibiting hematocrit below 30.0% (p <0.005), platelets menor que 50.000/mm³) (p = 0.011) and leukocytes (p = 0.013). However, only patients who had less than 2,000 leukocytes (p=0.044) showed OM in the D+10 (100%), being the frequency 15.9 higher in these patients. There was no association between OM with the type of basis disease, with the treatment regimen used for conditioning or with other hematological parameters evaluated. We conclude that the patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation present high incidence of episodes of OM, but no association with fungal and viral infections. OM showed strong relationship to leukopenia, being grade I the most prevalent, portraying the possible contribution of the buccal adequacy.