Planejamento familiar de mulheres portadoras de transtorno mental

Abstract

It is a challenge to promote assistance to family planning (FP) of women bearers of mental disorder, to contextualize them on the hospitalization point of view, damaged autonomy and the limitations of their functions on self-care. However, the Federal Constitution makes sure that assistance to FP is a right of every citizen. Women with mental disorder are vulnerable to unplanned pregnancy due to their damaged critical judgment in their psychotic crises; by the difficulty to maintain stable relationships; by the hypersexuality; and low self-esteem. Studies demonstrated bigger taxes of anxiety and humor disorders in women. Then one elaborated the following questions: what are the socioeconomic and gynecologic-obstetric conditions of women with mental disorders? What is the psychiatric and family planning profile of the group studied? Are there associations between the different medical diagnoses of mental disorder with history and frequency of the hospitalization period with the correct/incorrect use of contraceptive methods? In order to answer these questions one decided to conduct the present research aiming to identify sociodemographic conditions of women bearers of mental disorder; verify aspects of the psychiatric historic of the group studied; identify the gynecologic-obstetric and family planning profile of women bearers of mental disorder; and verify the existence or not of association between the medical diagnosis of mental disorder with history and frequency of hospitalization period and with correct/incorrect use of contraceptive methods. This transversal, documental and field study was developed in a Center of Social Attention (CSA), which compose the Health System of Fortaleza-CE. The population was composed by 748 patients with diagnosis of mental disorder. The sample was composed of 255 women in fertile age (10 through 49 years of age), out of psychotic behavior and/or accompanied by a family member or responsible person. The data were collected in the form and through semi-structured interview; processed in the Program SPSS version 11.0. The average age of the women was 35.04; 74 (28,4%) did not go to school or had low school years; the family income of 114 (44.7%) was lower than a minimum salary; 179 (70,2%) had as occupation house chores; 119 (46.7%) were married and 114 (44.7%) had eventual partners. The predominant medical diagnosis was the humor disorder, with 125 (49.0%), followed by schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, with 60 (23.6%) More than half of the women had already faced psychiatric hospitalization, with frequency that varied from one up till 11 events; 246 (96.5%) used psychotropic medicine. Pregnancy was a common event in 144 (56.5%) of the women, being only 34 (23.6%) of these pregnancies planned. Only 15 (5.9%) women were, during the research, being accompanied in family planning and 35 (13.7%) used contraceptive methods (contraceptive pill, masculine condom or injectable), although 233 (91.4%) had an active sexual life. There was not a significant statistic association between the different medical diagnoses with frequency of hospitalization and with correct/incorrect use of contraceptive methods. The results indicate that it is necessary to interfere in the current model of attention to women bearers of mental disorder’s health, aiming a more integral assistance, based on the proposal of the psychiatric reformation and to guarantee sexual and reproductive rights.