O sol nasce para todos? Planejamento, turistificação e urbanização litorânea na Costa do Sol Poente do Ceará

Abstract

The last two decades were of intense transformations in the sociospatial dynamics of the Northeast litoral of Brazil. The adoption of planning actions turned for developing of the region intensifies from the decade of 1990, conceiving projects to promotion of the touristic activity. Those politics, guided in the implantation of infrastructure of transports and of leisure, and focused on the goal of attraction of touristic flows and private investments, set urban networks parallel to the coast, being these subordinated to the northeastern capitals, turned in centers of reception and distribution of flows to the coast counties. In the case of Ceará estate, this logic remains, emphasizing the peculiarity of the local planning seeking insertion in the war of places. Elected by the governors as new locus of touristic activity spacialization and of its blessings, the west litoral of Ceará (from Caucaia to Itapipoca) receive highways, restoration work of architectural and natural heritage, and the possibility of integrating the showcase of world tourist market. However, the resources applied in this region did not have the desired effect and even contribute to the reduction of the socials inequalities. It can be seen almost immediate expansion of maritime vilegiatura local character in the coast municipalities of the state, the gradual real estate-touristic growth in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza, poorly funds invested in works without any functionality, the intensification of territorial conflicts throughout coast and environmental impacts of various magnitudes. The research aims to investigate the social and environmental dynamics from the turism politics applied to the productive restructuration of the Sunset Coast of Ceará estate in the last two decades and the barriers to spacialization of the activity in this part of the coast area of the state. By reading the theoretical framework seeks the analysis of turism as an economic activity related to leisure and user image of the place as the main product, as well enables to establish parameters of the impacts of public politics in the other three main states of the Northeast. The collection of data and of project furthers the understanding of folding of interventions in the dynamics of the coast municipalities of the first phase of PRODETUR-CE. The interviews seek to give voice to the research subjects and allow the investigation of conflicts and reasons for non spacialization of turism on the Sunset Coast. Associated with photographic documentation and mapping of locations, analyzes date back scenario of the dynamics and seek to propose alternatives to the hegemonic model of coast turism, which so far has shown no viable solutions to territorial disputes and the maintenance of natural heritage and ways of life of coast communities.