Ensaios microeconométricos em torno da atratividade física, dos novos arranjos familiares e das condições de igualdade de oportunidade

Abstract

The advancement of technologies and organizational improvement of a wide range of socioeconomic characteristics in the form of microdata by specialized institutions has advanced studies that combine the use of econometrics and economic analysis with special focus on microeconomic aspects of individuals giving rise to what is known today as microeconometrics. In this context, the present Thesis aims to analyze through a compendium of studies in area microeconometrics how certain attributes, features and factors circumstantial impacts directly or indirectly in economic activities exercised or to be exercised by individuals. The main focus the analysis is the labor market through mainly of the effect or of the possible effects idiosyncratic in terms valorative. The first chapter seeks to shed light the construction of metrics of beauty in the Brazilian women making use of data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS) 2006 of the Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (CEBRAP). So, were listed anthropometric measurements of height, weight, waist and body mass index (BMI) by their impact on women's wages. Some results favor the proxies built here and may be highlighted the height as a measure of impact on labor returns. In the context of the labor market and based on the new methodology for identification of family arrangements in the 2010 Census, the second chapter aims to analyze the wage differentials between spouses of the same sex and different sex in three Brazilian states with distinct characteristics: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Ceara. Following the construction of the theoretical model of Becker (1991), were investigated allocation differences in domestic production and the labor market. Other hypotheses have been suggested based on the norms of the social context according as influence on the preferences and habits of life, in the concept to Akerlof and Kranton (2000). Under this view, the self-selection hypothesis is also raised whereas those of more liberal attitudes tend to report more spontaneous way of other forms of sexual preferences in the vision of Almeida (2007). The difference of wages, even after the inclusion of all observed characteristics and control selection, statistically differences persisted with respect to sexual preference, especially in further of gay men with respect to heterosexual men. The third and final chapter assumes that the development of the various skills of an individual can often is associated with unequal access to a set of opportunities during childhood as a result of social choices in addition to circumstances beyond their control to born. In these terms, and aiming to project long-term public policies, were developed the Human Opportunity Index (HOI), summary indicator of the coverage of basic goods and services of inequalities of opportunities for children with having parameters predetermined circumstances. The data used are from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) of IBGE for Brazil in the years 2001-2011. Were listed eight indicators of basic services being five housing dimension and three educational from seven variables circumstances. The results show diversity the opportunities besides in an expansion rates of coverage of the network access, notwithstanding differences between the groups in different circumstances.