Estudo de casos de complexidade de colorações gulosa de vértices e de arestas

Abstract

The vertices and edges colorings problems, which consists in determine the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices and edges of a graph, respectively, so that adjacent vertices and adjacent edges, respectively, have distinct colors, are computationally hard problems and recurring subject of research in graph theory due to numerous practical problems they model. In this work, we study the worst performance of greedy algorithms for coloring vertices and edges. The greedy algorithm has the following general principle: to receive, one by one, the vertices (respect. edges) of the graph to be colored by assigning always the smallest possible color to the vertex (resp. edge) to be colored. We note that so greedy coloring the edges of a graph is equivalent to greedily coloring its line graph, this being the greatest interest in research on greedy edges coloring. The worst performance of the Algorithms is measured by the greatest number of colors they can use. In the case of greedy vertex coloring, this is the number of Grundy or greedy chromatic number of the graph. For the edge coloring, this is the greedy chromatic index or Grundy index of the graph. It is known that determining the Grundy number of any graph is NP-hard. The complexity of determining the Grundy index of any graph was however an open problem. In this dissertation, we prove two complexity results. We prove that the Grundy number of a (q,q−4)-graph can be determined in polynomial time. This class contains strictly the class of cografos P4-sparse for which the same result had been established. This result generalizes so those results. The presented algorithm uses the primeval decomposition of graphs, determining the parameter in linear time. About greedy edge coloring, we prove that the problem of determining the Grundy index is NP-complete for general graphs and polynomial for catepillar graphs, implying that the Grundy number is polynomial for graphs of line of caterpillars. More specifically, we prove that the Grundy index of a caterpillar is D or D+1 and present a polynomial algorithm to determine it exactly.