Desenvolvimento do feijão caupi em função da utilização de resíduo da indústria do café como fonte de potássio

Abstract

The northeast region is characterized by presenting an agriculture mostly family based. Among the crops produced the cowpea stands out being the most important. One of the major obstacles family agriculture is spent on with purchase of fertilizers. The development practices aimed replace this model is well accepted principally when shows a reduction in the production costs. One of the techniques that has been studied is the utilization of industrial and agro-industrial residue. The work aimed of evaluate the development of the cowpea from the use of industrial residue coffee, compared with conventional potassium fertilization was developed in a greenhouse of University Federal of Ceará Campus do Pici. The experimental unit was represented by a plastic pot containing 22 kg. As substrate was used soil collected in the 0-20 cm layer profile in the experimental area Department of Fitotecnia, the forms fertilization were the residue originating from the process of roasting coffee and the conventional potassium chloride. After the conclusion the first experiment was realized one second cultivation with the objective to evaluate the residual effect of fertilization. The Characteristics evaluated were length of the main stem stem diameter at the ground level number of leaves leaf area at 17 and 60 days after seeding leaf area index evapotranspiration harvest index water use efficiency number of pods per plant pod length number of seeds per pod mass of the pods seed mass evapotranspiration and levels of N P K in leaf tissue. The experimental design was randomized blocks in double factorial scheme 2x6 with two sources of potassium (potassium chloride and coffee residue) and six levels of fertilization (0 50 100 150 200 250 kg/ha-1). As results were observed that potassium in cowpea presents satisfactory answers even at low concentrations of this nutrient in both crops the K content was higher in the leaf residue when used. The high temperatures influenced the production of in both crops causing floral abortion as well as also infestation of cochineal in the second crop limited production of cowpea. Taking in consideration the cost benefit the coffee residue can be used as source of potassium for the crop of cowpea.