Morfometria e composição quimíca-bromatológica da pornunça (Manihot sp.) em função da densidade de plantio e adubação fosfatada

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have been developed in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, in order to know the potential, both in production and in the quality of the fodder. As an example, pornunça (Manihot sp.) used as addition of a protein source in animal feeding. It was evaluated a model for leaf area estimation, morphology, chemical composition and mineral of the pornunça (Manihot sp.) in function of planting density and phosphorus fertilization. The experiment was conducted under rainfed system in the period from May 2010 to October 2011. It was adopted a randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 4 with three replications and four spacings row (1,5 x 1,5; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0 and 2,5 x 2,0 meters) and four levels of phosphorus (0,0; 56,66; 113,32 and 169,98 grams/pits superphosphate). 192 plants were marked, being 4 by plots for morphological (plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and number of leaves), bromatological and mineral (leaves, stems and pool). In the model studies to estimate leaf area were collected 3 leaves per plant, for a total of 144 leaves, to determine the AF using the direct method (AFReal), leaf area meter (Li-Cor 3100) and by linear dimensions. The growth of pornunça in terms of plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf number depends on the temporal distribution of precipitation pulses, particularly the number of leaves. Among the growth variables evaluated, the number of leaves of the plant is the most sensitive to changes in soil water availability and rainfall distribution during the rainy season and as a consequence there is no spacing row or phosphorus fertilization effect on this variable. Planting density and phosphorus fertilization did not influence the number of regrowth, leaves and diameter of the plant when it is grown in rainfed. Under rainfed conditions, the planting space and phosphorus fertilization do not interfere (p> 0.05) in the chemical composition of the leaves and the pool of pornunça, in terms of DM, CP, NDF, CHOT and NFC, with exception of EE content in the pool. Rather, the spacing row and phosphorus fertilization affect (p <0.05) the chemical composition of the stems, with the exception of CHOT. The phosphorus fertilization and planting spacing influence the levels of magnesium and phosphorus in the stems and phosphorus in the pool of the pornunça. The pornunça leaf area determined by the meter Li-Cor 3100 is about 10% lower compared to the AFReal method. The model that best fits to estimate the leaf area was the potential type from the morphological dimensions, when it gets closer if using the product of the width by length of the sheet, regardless of its size.