Controle químico de plantas daninhas no consórcio mamona- feijão caupi em condição de sequeiro

Abstract

The experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in the period April to September 2010, at Farm Lavoura Seca, Quixadá-CE, in order to evaluate the efficiency of diuron (Diuron SC), pendimethalin (herbadox 500), and metolachlor ( Dual Gold) in three doses on weed control in cowpea and castor bean intercropping and the phytotoxic effect of herbicides on the castor bean and cowpea. In the intercropping used the castor bean, cv. BRS ENERGY and the cowpea, cv. EPACE 10. The crops were planted in alternate rows, with the following arrangements: castor beans in rows with spacing 1.00 x 1.00 m, with a row of cowpea between two rows of castor oil. The rows of cowpea were far from castor 0.5 m and the plants within the row of 0.25 m. The herbicides and doses of active ingredient were: metolachor at doses (600 g ha-1, 1200 g ha-1 and 1800 g ha-1) diuron (1000 g ha-1, 2000 g ha-1 and 3000 g ha-1) and pendimenthalin (500 g ha-1, 1000 g ha-1 and 1500 g ha-1). We used a randomized block design, with factorial arrangement and two additional treatments (3x3 +2) with four replications, except in the analysis of dry matter of weeds where we used a factorial arrangement (3x3 +1) with a additional treatment (control without weeding). The herbicides diuron, metolachlor and pendimethalin were not selective castor bean crops causing delays in seedling emergence, early growth, reducing the initial and final stands, reduced plant height and significant decreases in yield. However, the same herbicides were harmless to the crop of cowpea, not changing the plant height, number of pods per plant and final stand. As for weed control as measured by the dry weight, the best results were obtained with diuron metolachor and especially a dose of 1800 g ai ha-1 of metolachlor, which significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds.