Aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento para a análise da evolução da linha de costa em ambientes litorâneos do Estado do Ceará.

Abstract

The intensive and disordered way as coastal regions are been occupied by antropic activities associated to increasing lterations generated by climatic changes, affecting the natural dynamics of ecosystems, made evident through several environmental indicators, among them the temporal and spatial variability analysis of the coastal line. During the last two decades was possible verify a general retrogadation of this coastal line, generating important economic damage to the regions by destructing houses and building. To study this problems and point out correct solutions e decisions to use and occupations of the littoral, it was necessary to know the rates of retreat of the coastal line through multi-temporal studies. From this point of view this study has as main objective calculate the coastal line retreat rates, associating the obtained results to the punctual dynamic processes in a multi-temporal analysis using satellite images and air photos in remote sensing and connected to geoprocessing. To this task, it was necessary to adapt the extension Digital Shoreline Analysis System – DSAS 3.2 to ArcMap 9.0. program to understand the evolution of coastal line during the last two decades. It was performed field trips to take notes and photos, in situ, about beaches erosion. The results show strong erosion in whole region, specially on Caponga, Pacheco and Itarema beaches, where the coastal line retreat rates were 7.3 m/y, 4 m/y and 3.4 m/y, respectively. The other places (Icaraí, Iracema, Iparana and Meireles), the rates were lower then 1.5 m/y. The estuary of Jaguaribe river was also studied, and the erosion index, on the left bank was 0.83 m/y, and deposition on the right bank 0.77 m/y. The correlation between the retreat rates obtained and the environment parameters analysis of these regions demonstrate that the coastal line spatial comportment is directly affected by a series of environmental factors, geologic and antropic. So, it’s necessary to adopt measures and proceedings that permit occupation in order of the coastal regions in Ceará State to mitigate the ocean action over continent.