Intersubjetividade (evidencial): perspectivas propositivas para a gramática discursivo-funcional

Abstract

This work aims to enhance the psychological, typological, and pragmatic suitability of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) (Hengeveld; Mackenzie, 2008) for addressing intersubjectivity and its overlap with evidentiality. The basic hypothesis is that the model cannot explain the manifestation of this domain, independently or in interaction with evidentiality, in languages with a system or markers that serve this function. Given that intersubjectivity has received various interpretations in linguistic studies (Traugott; Dasher, 2002; Traugott, 2003, 2010; Verhagen, 2005; Nuyts, 2012, 2017; Evans; Bergqvist; San Roque, 2018a, 2018b; Tantucci, 2021), we made a cut concerning the vision adopted to treat it in the theoretical and methodological framework of the FDG, bearing in mind its basic Principle of Formal Encoding. Thus, we restrict ourselves to intersubjectivity related to the indication of (a)symmetries in access to and attention to knowledge, which is restricted to grammatical expression (Evans; Bergqvist; San Roque, 2018a, 2018b, among others), referred to as “engagement” by its proponents. Based on this approach, we operationalize the concept of grammaticalized intersubjectivity. To achieve the purposes of this investigation, we have compiled research from different languages that grammaticalize (evidential) intersubjectivity based on works that present and develop the category “engagement” (Evans, Bergqvist; San Roque, 2018a, 2018b; Bergqvist; Knuchel, 2019; Bergqvist; Kittilä, 2020), which was enriched by a study of Spanish (Nebot; Cornillie, 2018), a language that reflects distinctions of intersubjectivity not in morphosyntactic coding, as in “engagement” languages, but in phonological coding. Based on data from nineteen languages, we defend a characterization of (evidential) intersubjectivity in GDF by means of an adjustment in the Interpersonal Level (IL) of the Grammatical Component of the model, consisting of the addition of a set of intersubjectivity operators in the Communicated Content (C) and Participants (P1 – P2) units. The proposal contributes to the typological adequacy of the theory by providing support for an adequate description of languages that grammaticalize distinctions of intersubjectivity. Based on evidence that intersubjectivity markers also encode distinctions of intersubjectivity relative not to the information conveyed under the scope of form, but to information contained in the Contextual Component shared by Speaker (P1) and Addressee (P2), the thesis, joining research in GDF such as Silva (2013), Mackenzie (2014, 2015), and Giomi (2014), advocates for a dialogical treatment of the Model of Verbal Interaction (MVI).