Bitcoin: regulação das criptomoedas e aplicações jurídicas da tecnologia blockchain

Abstract

This study examines Bitcoin and blockchain technology from both historical and legal perspectives, considering their development from primitive exchange systems to modern fiat currencies. The research is based on the problem of regulatory uncertainty surrounding cryptocurrencies in Brazil and the potential legal applications of blockchain, aiming to understand how these innovations challenge traditional normative structures. The methodology follows a qualitative and exploratory approach, grounded in a bibliographical review of specialized literature, official documents, and relevant legislation, which enables the analysis of the origins of cryptocurrencies, the technical functioning of blockchain, and the legal frameworks related to digital assets. The results indicate that Bitcoin establishes a decentralized monetary model resistant to state interference, influencing debates on legal nature, regulation, and transactional security. The findings also show that Law No. 14.478/2022 constitutes an initial advancement in Brazilian regulation, although significant gaps remain regarding asset classification, consumer protection, and regulatory authority. Furthermore, blockchain demonstrates considerable potential in legal contexts, especially in smart contracts, public registries, and document authentication, signaling transformative effects on private law relations. It is concluded that the Brazilian legal system requires adaptive regulation capable of accompanying technological evolution while preserving the structural autonomy of cryptocurrencies and ensuring legal certainty