A cidadania como projeto constitucional: entre a força normativa do artigo 205 e a fragilidade da implementação de políticas estatais

Abstract

The 1988 Federal Constitution consolidates a Democratic State governed by the rule of law, having as its core and foundation Citizenship and the Dignity of the Human Person, together with the effectiveness of Fundamental Rights. Within this new institutional framework, education for citizenship appears in Article 205 of the 1988 Constitutional Text, establishing that the objectives of educating for the full development of the individual involve preparing them for the exercise of citizenship. Thus, the analysis focuses on the absence of adequate preparation for the exercise of citizenship, a deficiency that acquires more concerning contours in the contemporary legal scenario, given the proliferation of authoritarian discourses seeking to undermine the Democratic State governed by the rule of law. Under these conditions, and considering the relevance of the topic, the general objective of this work is to examine the immediate applicability guaranteed by the 1988 Federal Constitution with respect to civic‑constitutional education and the possible omissions of the Brazilian State. To this end, it is necessary to undertake a comparative analysis of nations that already implement, within their public education systems, the guarantee of objectively disseminating civic‑constitutional subjects. Subsequently, the study seeks to understand the social, legal, and political effects of incorporating education for citizenship into the school curriculum, enabling citizens to acquire the juridical‑political knowledge necessary for building a just, free, and solidary society, in accordance with the Brazilian constitutional objective. It also aims to explore a theoretical and historical construction of citizenship and, finally, to verify the existence of an effective Brazilian public policy directed toward citizenship education in the training of education professionals. For this purpose, the methodology employed consists of bibliographic research through the analysis of books, legal articles, national and international documents, legislation, and jurisprudence. The research is pure, qualitative and quantitative in nature, with descriptive and exploratory purposes