Atividade biológica de produtos domissanitários para o controle alternativo do pulgão-preto no feijão-de-corda

Abstract

The cowpea bean is a rustic leguminosae of semi-arid and humid and sub-humid tropics. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of detergents and powder soaps at different concentrations at greenhouse conditions for the control of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cowpea bean. The plants were infested with 6 aphids 14 days after planting. Two days later, the adults were removed and the essays prepared. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 and 7 treatments and at least 6 replications. The treatments were: 1 – absolute check; 2 – relative check with the reference insecticide: Acephate (Orthene™ 750 BR) at 1g. a.i./L; 3 – neutral detergent at 1mL/L of water (just for the detergents essays); 4 – detergent at 0,5mL/100mL of water or soap at 1g/L of water; 5 - detergent at 1,0mL/100mL of water or soap at 4,0g/L of water; 6 - detergent at 2,0mL/100mL of water or soap at 8g/L of water; 7 – detergent at 4mL/100mL of water. The detergents were Ypê™ lemon, Ypê™ coconut, Ypê™ glicerin with coconut and the grease remover Veja™ multiuse. The powder soaps were: Coconut Roma™, Omo™ colors, Omo™ multiaction e Omo™ progress. Treatments in each trial were applied with an eletric pump at pressure of 40 pounds/pol2 and a gravity sprayer Arprex®, model 5. Two days after the applications the living insects on the plants were counted. The obtained data were transformed by 5,0+X and run through variance analysis, differences between means were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% of probability. The efficiency was calculated by the Abbott’s method. All detergents tested showed to be efficient to control aphid. The detergent Ypê™ lemon and the powder soap Omo™ multiaction were the only phythotoxic product. The detergent Ypê™ glicerin with coconut and the powder soap Omo™ colors gave the best dose/mortality answer and one of the best efficacy. So, these products are the most promising to be tested at field conditions to control black aphid of cowpea bean.