O lugar do falo na comédia de Aristófanes

Abstract

The eleven complete comedies of Aristophanes that remained to us contain erotic language filled with references to the male sexual organ; there are 236 in all. Some of these recurrences serve to show the way in which the comic is presented in the plays, but, in most cases, they configure male speech and give the direction and intention of the author in the comedy. This research aims to organize the words and expressions that refer to the phallus and phallic language, in the way they were translated, in the significant contexts found, to show the meanings and recurrences of each term within all these theatrical representations. Thus, with meticulous research, the thesis presents a chapter for each comedy, using the original text in Greek and the translations available in Portuguese, mainly through the theoretical support of Duarte (2000), Nortwick (2008) and Derrida (1973), examining what refers to the male sexual organ and how much its obscene side brings phallocentrism, as well as investigating the discourse undertaken, also understanding the configuration of phallogocentrism. In the same order, three appendices were made that show the number of phallic words, the type of these words and a vocabulary that displays the recurrence and the translated meaning in the context of each word, this to support the argument in relation to the place of the phallus. Thus, it can be seen that Lysistrata is the most obscene play, that Acarnenses, The Wasps, The Peace, The Birds, The Frogs, also have a large number of expressions with this bias. Likewise, it is clear that the theme of war is an important indicator for the use of words related to the phallus. For this reason, the two plays written shortly after the end of the fighting show a moment that politically does not allow for the use of lascivious language. It can be deduced, then, that the poet created, in each text, some subterfuges to divert his intentions, since, in some periods of the history of Attica, there was more freedom in the use of language than in others. Finally, it is clear that the phallus and phallic language, because they convey male discourse and the way of making choices, in a good part of the text, carry with them a violent and imposing way of proposing actions.