Levantamento de fatores de risco para câncer de mama em familiares de mastectomizadas

Abstract

The feminine breast cancer appears as a disease of bigger importance in all parts of the world. It is a pathology with increasing incidence, being already considered as one of the biggest problems m public health. It has as one of the main rLsk factors for its development, the relationship in firsl degree with a patient with breast neoplasm. This study had as objectives: characterize sociodemographically the relatives of mastectoniized women in a reference institution in the attendance of patients with cancer; Identify risk factors for breast cancer among the relatives; Describe selfcare practices adopted by mothers, daughters or sister of mastectomized women; Detect causes attributed by women to the appearance of breast cancer in their relatives; Verity the existence of association between the variables studied and contribute to the planning of education in health actions for relatives of mastectomized women. To do so, a descriptive study with quantitative approach was carried out, in the period from April to May, 2005. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as a guide, applied to women, relatives of mastectomized women in quimiotherapic treatment in the institution chosen. The sample was composed of 100 women, being 56 daughters, 42 sisters and 2 mothers of mastectomized women. '[Tie women were in the majority (82,0%) catholics, married (51,0%), had high school or college level completed (41,0%), earned between two and tl-u-ee mothly wages (28,0%) and had commerce as their main proffessional activity (26,0%). The majority of the daughters (35,8%) were in the 18 to 28 age group with average of 33 years of age. Among the sisters, the majority (38,0%) were between 49 and 59 years old with average of 51. In the sample composed by daughters CN=56), one found in the majority, risk factors such as: age of first period inferior or equal to twelve years of age (46,5%), nulliparity (39,2%), use of oral contraceptive (OC) (62,5%), long time (more than five years) ofOC use (42,9%), consumption of lard (51,8%) and consumption of canned food (51,8%). In the parcel of sisters of mastectomized interviewed (N=42), one identified as risk factors for the development of breast neoplasm in the majority: age group at risk (38,0% are between 49 and 59 years old) occuiTence of abortion (80% had an abortion), use of oral contraceptive (66,6%), ingestion of alcohol (69,0%), consumption of lard (64,2%) and and consumption of canned food (71,4%). The study showed that women, in the majority, associate the appearance of cancer in their relatives to the use of contraceptives, and that they have the habit of doing self-care practices such as self-exam, clinical examination and mammography, although some don't do them in the recommended frequency. One suggests the creation of new programs of education for health, that are directed specially to these relatives, that the educational lectures are conducted in waiting rooms ofhospitals, clinics and doctors' offices, where the demand is spontaneous and the wailing time is idle, having the nursing, a fundamental role this way, once the accomplishment of education for health is one of the areas of bigger performance of the nurse from the century XXI, more focused on the prevention and less on the healing aspect.