Design Thinking: uma revisão sistemática sobre as ferramentas utilizadas no processo de elicitação de requisitos

Abstract

Requirements Engineering (RE) is one of the most critical stages in software development, with elicitation being the phase responsible for capturing the real needs of stakeholders. Recently, Design Thinking (DT) has been adopted as a complementary approach to humanize and make this process more collaborative. This work presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aiming to investigate the landscape of DT tools used in requirements elicitation. The methodology followed a rigorous protocol for searching and selecting studies in scientific databases, resulting in the analysis of 10 primary studies. Key findings indicate that Prototyping (n = 8) and Brainstorming (n = 7) are the most used tools, with a predominant focus on the Empathy, Ideation, and Prototyping phases. It was identified that Brazil (n = 7) is the leading producer of research in this field among the selected studies. Reported impacts are mostly positive (n = 9), highlighting improvements in communication and requirements quality. However, barriers such as a steep learning curve (n = 8) and time constraints in agile environments (n = 6) still represent significant challenges. It is concluded that while DT improves elicitation effectiveness, its application requires adaptation to industrial schedules and technical training of teams to handle non-functional requirements.