Práticas agronômicas aplicadas a cultura do hibisco: estratégias de manejo em função do potencial produtivo

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa cultivation presents advantages ranging from production to consumption, however, in view of scarce research, the phytotechnical aspects of the crop are still poorly understood, which often makes greater investments in its production unfeasible. Considering the influence of good agronomic practices on optimizing crop productivity, this study aimed to: 1- Establish the ideal spacing for hibiscus cultivation based on growth and productivity results; 2- Determine whether the different doses of biofertilizer used and the practice of apical pruning affect the biometric and physiological aspects of the plant H. sabdariffa, as well as verify whether these factors may directly influence crop productivity. The treatments of six distinct spacings were applied for the evaluation of variables and determination of productivity. The spacing was chosen according to general evaluations of the results and adapted to the crop. Thus, five different doses of foliar fertilization were applied in the second test, and the practice of topping was carried out in half of the experiment to evaluate new results and determine best practices. The studies revealed that hibiscus undergoes changes when different spacings are applied in its cultivation. In view of the significant height results when the plant was grown at wider spacings. In addition, wider spacings also contributed to a gradual increase in the number of structures at stage 1 (closed green flower bud structure), stage 2 (closed reddish flower bud structure), number of flowers and fruits. As well as calyx and capsule structures, which were also positively influenced under these same conditions. For productivity, expressive numbers were observed at reduced spacings, though not significant. The continuation of the study showed that the number of branches was significantly affected by fertilization levels, without the topping technique. Significant responses were observed for stage 1, dry mass of calyces and capsules. The 0,5 g/L fertilizer dose was the most responsive when associated with the topping technique. For productivity, no significant differences were observed.