Interfaces Urbanas: a produção do espaço urbano periférico através da provisão habitacional e intervenções em assentamentos precários em Teresina.

Abstract

In Brazil, the rapid growth of the lower classes in cities at the end of the 19th century brought major conflicts, with an intense process of favelization and an increase in the housing deficit. Historical housing programs using BNH resources, implemented between the 1960s and 1980s, reinforced exclusionary patterns by prioritizing peripheral housing complexes disconnected from urban centralities. Such policies resulted in peripheries lacking infrastructure and services, deepening the dichotomy between more valued areas and marginalized urban borders, where precarious settlements coexist with large social interest housing projects. In Teresina, this process takes on specific contours, where recent interventions of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV), which concentrated 47.5% of the housing units in the state of Piauí, seem to preserve the pattern of housing policies from the last century. In this sense, this research is organized based on the following guiding question: How has the implementation of housing provision policies and the urbanization of precarious settlements contributed to the process of fragmented expansion and peripherization of the capital of Piauí? Thus, the study sought to understand the process of structuring Teresina's urban space based on the implementation of public housing provision policies and precarious settlement urbanization projects, assimilating the existing interfaces between the interventions and their respective effects. For this purpose, the South Zone of the city was taken as the empirical object of analysis, due to its structuring associated with the construction of housing complexes since the end of the 1960s, with the BNH and the expansion of the city's urban perimeter toward the South of the state through highway construction and the expansion of the agribusiness sector; until the 2010s, with the strong concentration of PMCMV developments, within the scope of the first and second phases, in this region of the city. As a structuring methodological resource, this work is organized from a methodological matrix to operationalize the analyses carried out in the research, which is divided into three thematic axes: institutional and normative aspects of public housing policies in Brazil; territorial impacts, focusing on the implementation of housing policies in Teresina; and interfaces between housing provision and the urbanization of precarious urban settlements in the South Zone of Teresina. It was possible to observe that it have a political Housing concentratio, not Only municipal but state as well, in the execution of PMCMV as the Only way of habitational production of social interest. The financial dependece of the state and municipality with tranfers coming of the federal sphere that shows itself as one of the important impasses