Identificação e análise espacial de áreas verdes e áreas azuis aptas à expansão do Parque Estadual do Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and analyze natural, semi-natural, and degraded green areas adjacent to the Cocó State Park (Parque Estadual do Cocó – PEC) that have potential for park expansion or for the establishment of ecological corridors and Areas of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIEs) in its surroundings. The methodology was based on spatial analyses conducted using geoprocessing techniques, integrating data on land use and land cover, hydrography, legally protected areas, urban zoning and macro-zoning, and urban infrastructure. This approach allowed the assessment of the spatial distribution of vegetation fragments, their ecological connectivity, and their degree of integration with the PEC, as well as the classification of strategic areas according to environmental, legal, and territorial criteria.The results indicate that, although the PEC represents the main urban ecological corridor in Fortaleza, its current configuration is insufficient, by itself, to ensure the maintenance of ecological processes in the face of landscape fragmentation and increasing urban pressure. A total of 44 green areas were identified and grouped into two categories, E (Expansion) and C/A (Corridor and ARIE), with varying degrees of potential. Their planned incorporation, either through direct park expansion or through the implementation of ecological corridors and ARIEs, may significantly contribute to strengthening ecological connectivity, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing urban ecosystem services. It is therefore concluded that the strategic expansion of the PEC, articulated with urban planning, constitutes a fundamental guideline for sustainable territorial planning and for the promotion of social justice, by integrating environmental conservation, urban development, and quality of life.