Sistemas fotovoltaicos híbridos como estratégia de mitigação do Fio B e otimização da Tarifa Branca em Fortaleza

Abstract

The Brazilian electricity sector is undergoing a transition driven by Distributed Generation (DG) and changes in the Legal Framework for Microgeneration and Minigeneration (Law No. 14,300/2022). This study analyzes the technical and economic-financial feasibility of implementing hybrid photovoltaic systems, integrated with lithium-ion battery banks, for residential units in Fortaleza (CE). The central focus of the research is cost optimization through the adoption of the White Tariff and the maximization of self-consumption to mitigate the taxation of the "Wire B" (Fio B) component on energy injected into the grid. The methodology used HOMER Pro software to simulate two consumption profiles: Scenario A (250 kWh/month) and Scenario B (500 kWh/month), comparing pure photovoltaic systems, hybrid systems, and exclusive grid supply. Results indicate that, for Scenario A, storage technology still faces financial barriers due to the high capital cost of batteries and hybrid inverters, presenting a Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 33,155.00, which represents an increase of approximately 165% compared to the pure photovoltaic system, which recorded an NPV of R$ 12,513.00. In contrast, in Scenario B, the hybrid system (NPV of R$ 37,777.00) proved financially superior to remaining with exclusive grid supply under the Conventional Tariff (NPV of R$ 48,605.00), although the pure photovoltaic system still presents the best financial performance with an NPV of R$ 17,657.00. It is concluded that storage acts as a tool for energy resilience and tax efficiency, being recommended for higher-demand consumers who value supply security.