Desenvolvimento e validação de uma tecnologia educativa para a prevenção de lesões por pressão para enfermeiros(as) da Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

Understanding how pressure injuries develop is one of the most important factors in contributing to their prevention. Pressure injuries can be influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Addressing the prevalence and incidence of pressure injuries in Brazil remains a complex task for healthcare professionals. As an adverse event, they must be reported to the National Health Surveillance System, which is likely not being done due to the low number of reports, resulting in underreporting. It is important to emphasize the importance of nurses' expertise in pressure injury prevention, as they can be caused by failures in the patient care process, which is characterized as iatrogenic. The objective of this research was to model and validate a pilot video training program for use by primary care nurses in pressure injury prevention. This research methodology was characterized as a methodological study conducted through a scoping review and development of an educational technology. The period for obtaining the results of this research was from February 2025 to July 2025. The databases for the scoping review were: Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information; Nursing Database; National Library of Medicine, USA; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Scientific Electronic Library Online; Cochrane Virtual Health Library; CAPES/MEC Journal Portal, finding 46 articles to be discussed through summary tables. For the methodological study, the video was validated using the Expert Content Validation Index with judges composed of Primary Health Care Nurses, Stomal Therapists, Dermatology Nurses, and Nursing Faculty from Nursing Schools. The scoping review found 46 articles, covering topics such as protective dressings (33 mentions), position changes (30 mentions), and the use of cushions and pillows (26 mentions), among others, which contributed to the development of the pressure injury prevention training video. The educational video was then produced and submitted to the judges for validation. The results of the content validity index by experts indicated that, based on the evaluation of the training video, it received a relevant rating for acceptance in all categories analyzed, with an Expert Content Validation Index of 1.00 for several items. Detailed item-by-item analysis reveals that the video's objectives were clearly and comprehensibly recognized by the judges, and the content categories also received high scores, demonstrating that the video's theoretical and practical approach was considered sufficient to convey the necessary knowledge about pressure injury prevention. The study results indicate that the training video presents validated content and is suitable for training healthcare professionals in pressure injury prevention. However, it is essential to consider the limitations of the study, such as the limited sample of judges and the lack of assessment of the impact on clinical practice, as well as the gaps for future research, which can expand the applicability and effectiveness of the educational material