Estudo das alterações dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos de pacientes em tratamento com Isotretinoína oral

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that occurs mostly in teenagers from both genders and might cause psychological impairment. It is caused by physiological hormonal variation and modification in the pilous follicle maturation. Amongst the treatment options, there is isotretinoin, which is a vitamin A metabolite and recommended for severe inflammatory acne of the nodulocystic or conglobate types and for cases of acne resistant to previous treatment, due to its efficacy. However, lipid and hepatic disorders are common side effects of isotretinoin treatment, and for that, frequent laboratory tests are essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and hematological parameters of patients in oral treatment with isotretinoin. The required informations were collected from the patients’ medical records on the National Reference Center of Sanitary Dermatology Dona Libânia (CDERM). The 41 patients included in the study began treatment between January and June of 2014. The predominant gender was male, the ages were between 13 and 37 years, with mean of 20,1 years and the predominant age range was from 15 to 19 years. The predominant type of acne was nodulocystic. Regarding the laboratory tests, 63,4% of the patients have shown alterations only in biochemical parameters, 4,88% have shown alterations only in hematological parameters, 17,08% have shown alteration in both parameters and 14,64% have shown no alterations. There was a mean variation of 89% in triglycerides levels, 18% in total cholesterol levels, -6,8% in HDL fraction of cholesterol levels, 25,4% in LDL fraction levels, 53% in aspartate aminotransferase activity and 63,8% in alanine aminotransferase activity. Regarding hematological parameters, in average, most of them have decreased, except for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets count and lymphocytes count that have increased. Between genders, the women have shown a highest percentage of lipid disorders and among the age ranges, there were more disorders in the 20 to 24 years range. The results of this study highlight the need of often biochemical and hematological tests during treatment with isotretinoin in order to maintain the safety and health of the pacients