Barreiras à vacinação contra o HPV no Brasil: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Cervical cancer, caused by HPV, is one of the main types of cancer that affect women in Brazil and the world. Following the recommendations of the Ministry of Health for primary (vaccine) and secondary (screening) prevention, there would be a significant reduction of this pathology. However, there are factors that interfere with prevention strategies. Thus, an integrative review was carried out to describe the vaccination coverage against HPV in Brazil in the year following the introduction of the vaccine in the PNI and to identify the main factors that contribute to the results found. According to the data analyzed, all Brazilian regions exceeded the vaccination coverage proposed by the MS, from 70%, to dose 1 (D1), while no region reached the expected dose 2 (D2). The main barriers to the goal of vaccination, mainly in D2, were: change of vaccination site (from school to health unit), absence of educational actions, parents' perception, lack of information, fear of adverse reaction and unprepared professionals involved. In addition, it was observed that although many of those involved in the studies claimed to have good knowledge about HPV, when questioned about their consequences, they did not perform well. We conclude that educational measures, especially with parents of adolescents, are essential to inform the population about the importance of vaccination against HPV