Avaliação do estresse emocional e adesão terapêutica em pessoas com diabetes do tipo 1 em uso de análogos de insulina

Abstract

The Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a type of disease characterized by the absence of insulin production, therefore, adherence to treatment with exogenous insulin and changes in lifestyle are essential to achieve therapeutic goals. Studies show that emotional problems can interfere with the self-care necessary for the disease, with a significant impact on nonadherence to treatment, as it builds a barrier in carrying out the activities necessary to achieve the best glycemic control. Diabetes-specific emotional distress can be defined as a range of emotional responses and reactions to life with diabetes, especially those related to the treatment regimen and self-care demands. Aimed to evaluate the emotional stress and adherence to treatment in people with DM1. Characterized a cross-sectional study, using validated questionnaires to measure the emotional stress variables in relation to the adherence to diabetes and insulin. The work was done at a Basic Healthcare Provider (UAPS), in Fortaleza, for five months, from October to December 2019; February 2020 and January 2021. The data was collected using an Insulin-treatment-adhesion-measure form (MAT - INSULIN) and the Diabetes Distress Scale – DDS. The data generated were collected as the patients were waiting to receive their insulin doses at UAPS. 45 people participated in the study, of which 28.89% (n = 13) presented stress in relation to DM and 77.78% (n = 35) adhered to the treatment. When we correlate the data from emotional distress and therapeutically adhesion, it is possible to infer that people with higher emotional-distress levels show lower levels of treatment adhesion (p = 0.022). The data obtained on the glycated hemoglobin values, showed values above the recommended, with a mean of 8.55 and standard deviation ± 2.08. And, when correlated, emotional stress and non-adherence to glycated hemoglobin levels, no significant static influence was observed (p = 1.0 in both). In conclusion, to the worked sample, the emotional distress was not common. Nevertheless, when it does appear it is important, since it affects the treatment adhesion, requiring more attention regarding the clinical care. Further studies are necessary to characterize the DM1 patients profile that use insulin analogous.