Índice de vulnerabilidade ambiental de lagoas costeiras do distrito da Baleia, Itapipoca-Ceará

Abstract

This research aimed to develop an Environmental Vulnerability Index for Coastal Lagoons (IVA-LC) in the Baleia District, Itapipoca-Ceará, with a view to assessing and monitoring the environmental condition of these water bodies, supporting public policies and integrated management strategies. The research was structured in sequential methodological stages, beginning with the identification of the socio-environmental interactions of the local community with the lagoons, followed by limnological analyses of water quality and, finally, the selection and valuation of the indicators that make up the proposed index. Ten indicators were selected, covering social, water, and environmental dimensions, classified according to observed levels of environmental impact (low, medium, and high) and associated with numerical values (0, 5, and 10 points, respectively). For practical application of the index, a simplified form was developed, enabling local managers to perform a quick and effective assessment. The application of the IVA-LC revealed that the vulnerability of the studied lagoons is guided by distinct factors. The interdune lagoons presented moderate vulnerability (IVA-LC between 30% and 45%), determined primarily by intrinsic natural characteristics, such as intermittent hydroperiod, absence of protective riparian vegetation, and exclusive dependence on rainfall. In contrast, Lagoa do Mato showed high vulnerability (IVA-LC of 60%), resulting from intense anthropogenic activities, such as the continuous discharge of wastewater and the frequent presence of solid waste. The vulnerability found requires differentiated management strategies, including preventive and environmental recovery actions specific to each water body studied. It is concluded that IVA-LC is a practical and accessible tool, capable of guiding managers and decision-makers in efficient and sustainable socio-environmental interventions in coastal lagoons, contributing to the conservation of the essential ecosystem services of these environments.