Segurança perimetral para minigeração fotovoltaica no Brasil: análise técnico-econômica, tecnologias e estudo de caso

Abstract

The growing expansion of photovoltaic minigeneration in Brazil, driven by its energy potentialand economic benefits, introduces significant challenges related to asset security, given thevulnerability of plants often located in remote areas to theft and vandalism. This work identifiesa gap in the technical literature regarding the comparative analysis of perimeter securitysolutions specifically for this segment (75 kW to 5 MW). The general objective was to identify,describe, and critically analyze perimeter monitoring and security technologies (CCTV, AI,PIDS, barriers, sensors, drones, etc.), comparing their efficiency, technical-operationalapplicability, and economic viability. A mixed research methodology was adopted,predominantly qualitative, with bibliographic and documentary review, complemented byquantitative cost analysis (CAPEX, OPEX, TCO) based on Brazilian market data. Thecomparative analysis showed that there is no single ideal solution, recommending a layeredsecurity approach integrating different technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to videosurveillance (CCTV) proved crucial for reducing false alarms and optimizing operational costs.The UFV Cristalina case study, a real minigeneration plant, illustrates the practical applicationof this approach, highlighting the perimeter fence as the first physical barrier and the CCTVsystem with AI, NVR, remote access, and sirens as central elements for effective deterrence anddetection. It is concluded that the selection of the optimal configuration depends on a specificrisk analysis, plant size, budget, and local conditions, with Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)analysis being fundamental for the decision. The study proposes guidelines and typicalscenarios to assist in choosing effective and economically viable systems.