Energias Renováveis no Estado do Ceará: uma análise de eficiência

Abstract

The growing demand for clean and renewable energy sources has driven the development of wind and solar energy in Brazil, consolidating these technologies as fundamental pillars of the national energy matrix. The country's vast territorial extension and favorable climatic conditions position it as an important generator of renewable energy. In light of this, this study aims to analyze the evolution of wind and solar energy sources in Brazilian states, focusing on Ceará, highlighting both the potential for energy production and the efficiency in resource utilization. For this purpose, the research adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the efficiency of wind and solar energy generation facilities over time, considering the states as units of comparison. The application of the method also allows for a dynamic comparative analysis, taking into account the variability of data in specific periods. The results indicate that, although Brazil has significantly advanced in the use of these technologies, the efficiency and installed capacity varied considerably among the federal units (UFs). In the case of Ceará, the results exceeded the national performance in both the wind and solar sectors, considering the general efficiency context. In the solar sector, Ceará achieved efficiency levels of up to 80%. In the wind sector, in the two approaches highlighted, efficiency was above 50% in most evaluations. However, in one comparison, considering the relationship between installed capacity and coastal extension, the state showed lower performance, with an efficiency index of 38%, representing the lowest level among the comparisons. It is concluded that regional differences reflect not only natural characteristics, such as wind availability and solar radiation, but also the effectiveness of state policies and local infrastructure.