Qualidade de vida pós-transplante de fígado em um centro de referência no nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Terminal liver failure is a pathological condition of great impact on people's lives, leading to the need for liver transplantation as the only possibili ty of reversing the term inal state , with repercussions on the biological, psychological and social level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life related to health of patients undergoing liver transplantation . This is an analytical exploratory descriptive study wit h quantitative approach, conducted with a sample of 150 patients who underwent liver tra nsplantation in a reference center for transplants in Fortaleza - Ceará. Data collection was conducted from July 2012 to J anuary 2013, with the applica tion of an instrument related to sociodemographic, clinical aspects and Liver Disease Quality of Life q uest ionnaire (LDQOL). The project followed the ethical requirements and was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee under the Protocol 041.06.12 . The results showed sig nificant improvement (p < 0.05 ) in the levels of quality of li fe of patients between th e pre a nd post - transplant in all domains evaluated. The age was negatively correlated in domains: symptoms of liver disease ( p = 0.049), sleep (p = 0.023) and sexual function ing (p = 0.03) . Men had higher rates of significant HRQOL than wome n only in lonel iness dimension (p = 0.037 ) . Patients wi th higher level of education show higher values in stigma of liver di sease domain (p = 0.014) . There was a correlation between income an d quality of life of patients (r = - 0.129, p = 0.001) , with interference in the fields of quality of social interaction (p = 0.033) and stigma of the disease (p = 0.046) . H ave been identified n egative influen ce (p <0.05) of the severity of liver disease from Child scale on quality of life before transplantation in seven domains. Comor bidity n egatively influenced the fields: health distress (p = 0.007) , sleep ( p = 0.014 ) and hope lessness (p = 0.050) . The complications had a negative impact on memory domain (p = 0.018) and quality o f social interaction (p = 0.002 ), and weak influence on stigma of disease . C onclude d that transplantation ha d a positive impact in all domains assessed and there was influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the results of quality of life . Thus, ide ntification of factors that negatively interfere contribute s to the planning of care interventions that can promote health and improve the quality of life of these individuals .