Uma análise da política de transição energética justa relacionada ao hidrogênio de baixo carbono e ao hidrogênio verde presente na legislação brasileira

Abstract

The climate crisis represents one of the greatest contemporary threats to environmental, social, and economic stability. Global warming, driven by human activities, has made the transition to clean and sustainable energy sources an urgent necessity. In this context, hydrogen emerges as the “fuel of the future,” a promising alternative for decarbonizing the economy, particularly in Brazil, which has significant potential for its production. The state of Ceará stands out as a strategic hub, with the “Porto do Pecém” attracting substantial international investments for the production of green hydrogen, a specific category of non-polluting hydrogen. However, the effective implementation of this energy transition requires the adoption of efficient public policies, aligned with the principles of environmental and social justice, to prevent regional inequalities and negative impacts on local communities. Recent Brazilian regulations on hydrogen, such as Law No. 14.948/2024 and Law No. 15.103/2025, represent progress, yet challenges remain regarding their practical implementation and integration with state-level policies. This study analyses the current regulatory framework for the energy transition in Brazil, assessing its impacts and limitations. The methodology combines qualitative analysis and literature review, focusing on national legislation and both national and international literature on a just energy transition, aiming to determine whether the adopted policies promote a fair, inclusive, and sustainable energy transition.