Efeito terapêutico do exercício físico sobre o risco cardiovascular, a inflamação e a sarcopenia em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), when established, ends up affecting multiple systemic functions in the individual. The main causes that lead individuals to develop this pathology are: high blood pressure (34%), diabetes (32%) and glomerulopathy (9%) (DUNCAN et al, 2022). People with chronic kidney disease typically have a low level of physical activity and physical exercise, which, in general, negatively impacts the functional status of these individuals and the prognosis of the disease (WILKINSON et al, 2020). The objective of this work was to review, in the literature, outcomes related to the therapeutic use of aerobic and resistance physical exercise in the prognosis of CKD in hemodialysis patients. Repercussions related to cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation and sarcopenia were analyzed. The health sciences descriptors (DECS/Mesh) used for the research were: Chronic kidney disease AND Physical exercise AND Kidney dialysis. To select productions, a search was carried out in electronic databases: PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs. The search took place during the months of September to November 2023, being carried out in the databases described above and their respective virtual libraries, so that researchers could carry out the screening of titles, abstracts and full readings of the texts. In our research, we can confirm that physical exercise, aerobic and resistance, are effective methodologies in coping with the negative outcomes of CKD in its final stages, especially in patients who are already in need of hemodialysis renal replacement therapy. Physical exercise for people with CKD on hemodialysis is beneficial, safe, low

-cost in implementation and effective in combating negative outcomes arising from cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation and sarcopenia associated with CKD. Therefore, it is important to disseminate and implement physical exercise in hemodialysis clinics, with a multidisciplinary team that, in addition to doctors, nutritionists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, physiotherapists, also includes physical education professionals as the legitimate and qualified deal with issues relating to physical exercise, both aerobic and resistance.