Avaliação da assistência hospitalar às tentativas de suicídio no município de Caucaia/CE: uma contribuição para as políticas públicas preventivas

Abstract

From a sociohistorical perspective, suicidal behavior is understood broadly and multifactorially, encompassing sociocultural and economic contexts. As a public health issue, it demands ongoing interventions and preventive actions by the government. Among the measures to expand access to psychosocial care and suicide prevention is the establishment of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS), created in 2011 by the Ministry of Health. This network enabled integration and coordination between different mental health care centers. The National Policy for the Prevention of Self-Harm and Suicide (PNPAS) of 2019 addressed preventive actions and ensured psychosocial care in mental health. Therefore, based on the premises of the PNPAS, this research aims to evaluate, based on the experiences of the multidisciplinary team, the hospital care provided to individuals attempting suicide at the Doutor Abelardo Gadelha da Rocha Municipal Hospital in the municipality of Caucaia, Ceará. To this end, as a qualitative and evaluative study, based on the perspective of In-Depth Assessment (Rodrigues, 2008), bibliographical surveys were conducted, including a review of some of the main works produced on the topic, as well as documentary research, through legislation and secondary data. Finally, questionnaires and field interviews were administered to analyze the evaluative data. The semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were directed to the multidisciplinary health team composed of physicians, nurses, psychologists, and social workers who work directly with the public using the service. Finally, given its social relevance, the study seeks to foster and support institutional management in improving the quality of the service provided and addressing suicide, as well as in defining priorities and developing strategies aimed at addressing the issue. The results indicate that greater investment is needed to improve hospital care to expand and implement suicide prevention measures. The healthcare professionals interviewed understand suicide as a collective, broad, and multifactorial phenomenon. However, dealing with suicidal behavior-related care and its prevention on a daily basis presents a challenge in the institutional environment, given the various gaps identified, such as the lack of care protocols that integrate care based on diverse knowledge to transcend the biomedical aspect; the lack of ongoing training that ensures professionals can exchange experiences and stay up-to-date on the topic, given the complexity of the phenomenon; and the lack of ongoing training to improve care management and coordination. Furthermore, the importance of caring for those who care is highlighted, based on an internal policy of psychological care and the appreciation of healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the demand for collective interventions between the Public Authorities and Civil Society is reinforced, as well as the integration and implementation of Public Policies that strengthen protective and preventive measures and the expansion of RAPS components to guarantee access to psychosocial care