Distribuição sazonal de microplásticos nos sedimentos na praia do Caça e Pesca, Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

Microplastics (PMs) are emerging contaminants that are widely distributed in aquatic environments, posing a significant risk to biodiversity and human health. This study investigates the seasonal distribution of PMs in the sediments of Praia do Caça e Pesca, in Fortaleza-CE, an area adjacent to the estuary of the Cocó River. Collections were carried out during the dry and rainy periods, with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the PMs extracted by density separation and visually identified by stereoscopy. The results indicated a higher concentration of PMs in the rainy season, suggesting the influence of rainfall indices on the redistribution of these particles. Most of the suspicious PMs that were found were classified as blue and transparent filaments, possibly associated with anthropogenic sources such as fishing activities and urban effluents. For the filament concentration, the result equivalent to 3600 items/kg was obtained. While the concentration of blue items represented 2.3 items per 50 grams, which corresponds to 2300 items per kg. The size of the particles varied between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, with the smallest being more abundant, which may intensify their dispersion and bioaccumulation. The significant presence of PM in sediments highlights the vulnerability of coastal zones to plastic pollution and reinforces the need for effective strategies for waste management and protection of these ecosystems. Future studies should deepen the chemical characterization of the PMs to identify their sources and potential impacts.