Cotas raciais em concursos públicos no Estado do Ceará: avaliação da trajetória da Lei nº 17.432/2021

Abstract

This dissertation aims to evaluate the implementation trajectory of the Social and Affirmative Public Policy for Reservation of Vacancies for Black Candidates in Public Competitions in the State of Ceará, Law nº 17,431/2021, based on: the analysis of the legal framework and notices of public competitions organized by the Fundação Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Funece), between 2021 and 2024; in the analysis of experiences of racial discrimination and stigma experienced by public servants benefiting from quotas; and in identifying the main advances and challenges faced by Funece's hetero-identification committees (CHET) in their functions, based on secondary data. Thus, the research was based on the perspective of In Depth Assessment (Gussi; Oliveira, 2015, 2016; Rodrigues, 2008, 2011, 2016), enabling assessment in multiple dimensions. From this perspective, context, content and trajectory were analyzed; the experiences of racial discrimination and stigma experienced by quota employees; and the perceptions of CHET members. Methodologically, the research uses a qualitative focusing on bibliographical and documentary research and semi-structured interviews. Although the institution of the racial quota policy in Ceará was instituted in 2021, the research revealed that mobilizations around the issue began in the 1980s, strongly influenced by the Black Movements. In the competitions analyzed, partial non-compliance with the legislation was found, as occurred in the competitions for teachers at the State University of Ceará and at Companhia Cearense de Transportes Metropolitanos, when the 20% reserve was not fully applied, demonstrating the need for adjustments to guarantee the effectiveness of the policy. The research also highlighted challenges faced by quota holders in the public service, showing that, for many, the quota policy strengthened racial self affirmation, despite the academic and professional environment still showing resistance, with episodes of microaggressions and distrust regarding the legitimacy of the presence of quota holders in these spaces. Regarding the performance of CHET, advances and challenges emerged in the implementation of the procedure. Heteroidentification proved to be efficient in preventing fraud, but the subjectivity in the phenotypic assessment, the high turnover of members and the absence of an institutional support structure make its effectiveness difficult. It was also identified that the short time for evaluating candidates compromises the accuracy of the process.