Seleção de áreas para implantação de um aterro sanitário no município de Crateús - CE com uso da análise multicritério

Abstract

The concentrated disposal of urban solid waste has become a growing problem for public administration, impacting the environment and public health. In this context, sanitary landfills emerge as a viable solution, minimizing environmental impacts and promoting safe final disposal of waste. This study aims to analyze the technical and environmental forecast of areas for the installation of a sanitary landfill in the Solid Waste Management Consortium of the Sertões de Crateús 2 region, based on a multi-criteria analysis. The research considers various technical, environmental, and social criteria, as established by current standards and legislation, such as NBR 13.896. To this end, a multi-criteria analysis was used with the support of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering technical, environmental, and social criteria. Three areas were selected for field analysis and soil collection. Area 1 presented poorly graded sand soil with a permeability coefficient of 1.61 × 10-7 m/s; area 2, poorly graded sand with a permeability of 6.51 × 10-7 m/s; and area 3, sandy-clayey soil with a permeability of 1.72 × 10-7 m/s. The results showed that area 1 has lower permeability and retention capacity, while area 3 obtained the highest score in the final percentage, reaching 81.48% suitability. It is concluded that the integration of tools such as GIS, multicriteria analysis, and laboratory testing provides reliable technical support for selecting landfill sites, promoting sustainable solid waste management in the region.