Dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra na Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim: aplicação dos produtos MAPBIOMAS

Abstract

Remote sensing, within the field of geosciences, has gained increasing relevance due to its broad applicability in areas such as environmental studies, urban planning, agriculture, water resource management, and the analysis of land use and land cover changes. In this study, the dynamics of land use and land cover in the Jamanxim National Forest (FNJ), a conservation unit located in the state of Pará, were analyzed. The FNJ was established in 2006 with the aim of curbing deforestation and protecting the region's biodiversity. Classified raster data from the MapBiomas project were used, covering the period from 1990 to 2023, from which the areas corresponding to each land use and land cover class were calculated. Subsequently, maps and graphs were created to visualize and compare variations in the areas occupied by each class over the years. The results indicated that the Forest Formation class lost 191,000 hectares over the analyzed period, corresponding to approximately 15% of its area, while the Pasture class increased by 192,000 hectares. These findings highlight that, even after the creation of the conservation unit, deforestation continued on an upward trajectory, demonstrating that its implementation alone was not sufficient to curb pressures on the territory. The accelerated conversion of native vegetation into pasture was one of the main changes observed, reflecting the influence of economic expansion and the proximity of BR-163. Given this scenario, the need for more effective strategies to protect the FNJ and other conservation units in the Amazon is emphasized, including increased enforcement and the implementation of sustainable management policies.