Desindustrialização cearense: Uma análise do produto, emprego e comércio exterior

Abstract

International trade has gained strength in economic debates, especially on its benefit to developing nations. Some countries, such as Brazil, have specialized in commodities and low added value goods due to their comparative advantages for export. The main purpose of this essay is to analyze whether the state of Ceará has experienced between 2000 and 2015, an early process of deindustrialization, i.e. a loss of industrial participation in economy caused by a focus on the production and export of primary goods. This essay was based on data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and the Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego in order to verify the evolution of participations of the industrial Added Value and industrial Employment of Ceará. In terms of Foreign Trade, based on data of the Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, the characteristics of state’s import and export were detected by analyzing the main sectors, the technological degree and the concentration’s level of the international transactions. It was realized that the industry of Ceará has been losing space in the economy, both in the Added Value and in Employment, this participation has been incorporated by the service sector and not by the primary sector. The export of commodities and low technological content of Ceará maintained their strong participation, but did not absorb the most technology-intensive sector share, that had a modest development.